BUSINESS PRIMING FUND / Market Place Monitoring
European bio-energy technology for the exploitation of the huge
agriforestry residues potential in China
Contract ASI/B7-301/95/108-148
Project start date: 27 February 2002
Project completion date: 27 July 2003
List of contents
1. Introduction
2. General country information and economic trends
2.1. General information
2.2. General economic background in China
2.3. Energy situation in China
2.4. Status quo of rural energy in China
3. Renewable Energy (RE) in China
3.1. General situation
3.2. Political will for developing renewable energy (RE) resources
3.3. Small and micro hydro-power (SHP)
3.4. Solar energy
3.5. Wind energy
3.6. Bio-energy technologies
3.7. Biogas technologies
4. Availability of agro-forestry residues in China .
4.1. Prospect of agro-forestry residues as energy resources in rural China
4.2. Availability of agricultural residues: straw and stalk
4.3. Main uses of straw and stalk in China
4.4. Availability of forestry residues in China
5. Not used biomass potential
5.1. Agricultural residues
5.2. Availability of wood residues
5.3. Waste from intensive livestock farms
6. Barriers to the commercialisation of biomass technologies
6.1. Lack of access to financial resources and credit
6.2. Insufficient access to advanced technologies
6.3. Lack of commercial experience
6.4. Institutional fragmentation
6.5. Insufficient assessment of resources
6.6. Lack of information exchange among practitioners
6.7. Lack of awareness of bio-energy potential
6.8. Insufficient market regulation
6.9. Undeveloped regulatory framework for power sales
6.10. Summary
7. Energy crops
8. Existing policies for RE development in China
8.1. Taxation policy
8.2. Price policy
8.3. Low interest rate loan
8.4. Environmental policy
8.5. Rural GHG emission abatement
8.6. Water pricing and conservation
9. Financial sources & support for bio-energy projects
9.1. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
9.2. United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO)
9.3. World Bank (WB)
9.4. Global Environment Facility (GEF)
9.5. International Finance Corporation (IFC)
9.6. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD).
9.7. The European Investment Bank (EIB)
9.8. The Asian Development Bank (ADB)
9.9. The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
10. Selection procedure for the location of biomass energy systems
11. Data of the selected three project provinces
11.1. Henan province
11.2. Hubei province
11.3. Jiangxi province
12. Present RE development in the three selected provinces
12.1. Henan province
12.2. Hubei province
12.3. Jiangxi Province
12.4. Rural energy consumption
13. Agriculture in the three provinces
13.1. Crops and growing seasons
13.1 Henan province
13.2. Hubei province
13.3. Jiangxi province
14. Biomass energy market needs and trends in the three provinces
15. Socio-economic assessment of the three provinces
15.1. Agriculture production systems
15.2. Energy consumption
16. Poverty analysis
16.1. Definition of poverty
16.2. Diagnostic of poverty in the three project provinces
16.3. Social indicators of poverty
16.4. Geographic and environmental indicators of poverty
16.5 Gender and poverty
17. The pollution levels in the three project provinces
17.1. Industrial emissions
17.2. Industrial and domestic wastewater
18. External agencies, civil and private sector
19. Conclusions
20. References
1. Introduction
The proposed Project is partly as a consequence of conclusions from China's
Rural
Energy Development Study, which was completed in 1996. This study recommended
an integrated agricultural development approach to improve the livelihood
of farm
households in rural China. In March 1999, the Ministry of Agriculture
elaborated a
project proposal stating that this development approach was an option
endorsed by
central and local government authorities to mitigate the shortage of energy
resources, improve the environment, promote the growth of small cities,
and develop
and improve the local economy in rural areas. China's environment is being
degraded by deforestation, communal grazing, excess waste and the widespread
use of coal. Furthermore, low-intensive farming has led to increased soil
erosion and
poverty in the rural areas. In such areas, farm households also have limited
access
to modern energy sources due to low income.
The Project will increase the living standard of the rural population
by, on the one
hand, increasing household income and, on the other, decreasing energy
shortages
and environmental pollution. Appropriate options are required to help
solve the
energy shortages by utilising agricultural waste products to produce biogas
and
producer gas for farms, villagers, and farming enterprises as well as
improve overall
agriculture production. This fits into the rural development strategy
of the Chinese
Government and the objectives of poverty alleviation and improvement of
the
environment through sustainable development.
The project will support small farm households by expanding organic greenhouse
vegetable, fruit, crop and animal farming to increase incomes and to establish
integrated farming systems with on farm biogas plants to generate clean
energy.
Agricultural wastes from crops, human, and animals will fuel the biogas
plants on the
farms. The resulting decrease in rural poverty also serves as an incentive
for poor
farmers and SMEs to participate in current and future RE promotion.
The project will also support large biogas plants to treat the waste of
large intensive
livestock farms, and other bio-energy plants to produce cleaner and more
efficient
energy to supply rural households.